An
analytic study of Epidemiological Profile of Obese Persons
John Masih1*, Shukla P.
2, Thakur Amit K. 1 and Painkara U. S.3
1Assistant
Professor, Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Jagdalpur
2Associate Professor, Ophthalmology. Govt.
Medical College, Jagdalpur 3Professor & H.O.D., Medicine, Govt. Medical
College, Jagdalpur
ABSTRACT:
Back
Ground: Irrespective of age
or gender ,however ,as waistlines grow, so do health risks. Central
obesity-storing fat around the waist-raises risk of heart attacks and diabetes,
with Indian at high risk because of their genetic predisposition to sport
potbellies.
Material
and method: All
participants were obese and of both sexes. The data were collected in a pre
designed and pretested Performa.
Statistical
analysis: were expressed in
simple term of proportion. Observations
and discussion: As age advances more and more persons fall victim of
obesity irrespective of gender except in 71+ years category. On gender wise analysis it was found
that more diabetic males were obese in comparison to their females counter
parts where more non diabetic females were found obese. On analysis as per diet, it has been observed that 87.09 %persons
consuming non-vegetarian in comparison to only 12.90 % vegetarians in the
present study. It has been observed
that there were no alcoholic females in the sample cases, of the alcoholic
males, 68.00 % were obese. In the present study there were only three female
smokers. Out of these three female smokers 33.33 % were obese while in case of
47 male smokers, 61.70 % were found obese.
KEY-WORDS:
INTRODUCTION:
Like everything else, how big your belly is
or how wide your hips are depends upon your genes, gender and age. What you eat
and how active you are counts too, but we will assume for a moment that we have
identical lifestyles and activity (or inactivity) levels. By and large, men
tend to store fat on their bellies and pre-menopausal women in their hips and
thighs. Fat storage patterns for women become similar to men after menopause,
which is roughly around the age of 50 years. Irrespective of age or gender, however,
as waistlines grow, so do health risks. Central obesity-storing fat around the
waist-raises risk of heart attacks and diabetes, with Indians at high risk
because of their genetic predisposition to sport potbellies (1).Stretching out
in front of your Television (TV) screens promotes "Activity
inactivity" causing you to pack on the pounds. Such inactivity encourages
the body to create new fat ,report researchers in the Tel Aviv University. They
found that pre-adiposity cells turn in to fat cells faster and produce even
more fat during periods of inactivity. It is the kind of weight when we sit or
lie down, reported by the American J. of Physiology Cell Physiology (2). By
taking in to consideration the above facts and as per recommendations of the
World Health Organization (W.H.O.) study group in 1957,that in order to get a comprehensive
picture of a disease , more and more such studies have to be carried out, Garg
Narenra K.(3) and Garg Narenra K. and Sharma A.B.(4), the authors have under
taken this study with the objective to
study the epidemiological profile of Obese persons.
TABLE-I-Obese persons as per age and gender n=100
|
B.M.I |
Obese |
||||||||||
|
31-40 |
41-50 |
51-60 |
61-70 |
71and above |
Total |
||||||
|
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
|
|
|
Normal -18.5-24.9 |
03 |
01 |
07 |
02 |
12 |
03 |
07 |
04 |
01 |
01 |
41 |
|
Over weight -25-29.9 |
06 |
01 |
05 |
03 |
09 |
04 |
06 |
03 |
05 |
01 |
43 |
|
Class- I 30-34.9 |
00 |
00 |
01 |
01 |
01 |
01 |
07 |
02 |
03 |
00 |
16 |
|
Class-II, III-35 and
above |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
|
Total |
09 |
02 |
13 |
06 |
22 |
08 |
20 |
09 |
09 |
02 |
100 |
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
All participants were obese and of both sexes. The study
was carried out in Dept. of Medicine, Dr. B.R. Ambedekar Memorial Hospital, Raipur
from May 2003 to May 2004.The data were collected in a pre designed and
pretested Performa. The data thus collected were analysed, tabulated and as and
when required statistical analysis were applied which were expressed in simple
term of proportion.
Obesity: It is defined as an excess of adipose tissues,
Mittal S.R. et al(5). The National Institute of Health defined a normal Body Mass
Index (B.M.I.) as 18.5 – 24.9 Kg/m2.
Over weight –B.M.I. = 25-29.9 Kg/m2
Class-I , Obesity-B.M.I.=30-34.9 Kg/m2
Class-II, Obesity –B.M.I.=35-39.9 Kg/m2
Class-III, Obesity-B.M.I=40-44.9 Kg/m2
B.M.I=Weight in Kg./Ht. in meter2
Thus the sampled persons who carry BMI 25 and above
were taken in to consideration as obese.
OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION:
As age advances more and more persons fall
victim of obesity irrespective of gender except in 71+ years category
(Table-I). In the age group 31-40 years of age less proportion of females were
obese but from 41-70 years of age group there were 66.66 % obese males in
comparisionto85.00 % obese females. Regarding 71 + years of age group 19.04 %
obese males in comparison to only 10.00 % obese females. According to an study conducted by Indian Heart Watch (6), there
were 41 % of men and 45 % of women were overweight or obese. On analysis of
data as per diet it has been observed that 87.09 %persons consuming nonvege in
comparison to only 12.90 %. On further analysis it was noted that out of 42
males ,85.71 %were nonveg + obese while amongst 20 females, 90.00 % obese were
non vegetarian (Table-II).
As B.M.I. goes up number of male normal and
pre-hypertensive goes down (Table-III) while in case of hypertensive (Stage –I
and above) it was found just reverse.
Out of sixty two sampled obese cases there were thirty five diabetic obese and
the rest twenty seven non diabetic obese (Table-1V) .On gender wise analysis it was found that more diabetic males
were obese in comparison to their females counter parts where more non diabetic
females were found obese In terms of proportion there were .64.28 % male
diabetic were obese and the rest 35.71 % were non diabetic obese while in case
of females diabetics there were 40.00 % obese females and the rest 60.00 %
obese were non diabetic.
TABLE – II-Obese persons as
per their diet n==100
|
B.M.I |
Vegetarian |
Non-Vegetarian |
||
|
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
|
|
Normal -18.5-24.9 |
02 |
00 |
28 |
08 |
|
Over
weight-25-29.9 |
04 |
02 |
25 |
14 |
|
Class-I-30-34.9 |
03 |
00 |
11 |
03 |
|
Class-II, III-35
and above |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
|
Total |
09 |
02 |
64 |
25 |
It has been observed that there were no
alcoholic females in the sample cases. Of the alcoholic males 68.00 % were
obese (Table-V). Table –VI, shows that there were only three female smokers. On
further analysis out of these three female smokers 33.33 % were obese while in
case of 47 male smokers 61.70 % were found obese.
Three out of every ten kids studying in
private schools in Delhi are obese, according to a 2011 survey by the Diabetes
foundation of India and National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol foundation (NDOC).Government
schools fared no better. Ahmadabad, Luck now and Jaipur also showed similar
results (7).Thus authors found that the findings of the present study are more
or less in accordance of the findings of various researchers across the globe.
Dr. Anoop Mishra of Fortis's department of
diabetes and metabolic diseases says that 70 to 80 % of obese children are
likely to remain obese till adulthood and some may develop diabetes in their
late 20s or 30s.if they are made aware about the health consequences of obesity
at an early age, chances of preventing the disease improve (7).
Opting for a strict diet for just days of
the week is better than trying to calorie count all the time. Researchers at
the University Hospital in South Manchester in Britain put 115 women volunteers
on one of three diets for the study. (i)The first involved sticking to just650
calories a day for two days of the week, including cutting out carbohydrates
such as pasta, bread and potatoes and all fatty foods. For the other five days
they could eat as much as they liked, although they were encountered stick to
healthy foods. (ii)Women on the second diet were also banned from carbohydrates
for two days of the week but they didn't have a specific calorie intake.
TABLE-I Obese persons as per their Blood Pressure
|
Stages of Blood
Pressure |
Normotensive
(<120/<80) |
Pre- Hypertensive
(120-139/80-89 |
Stage -I
Hypertension (140-159/90-99 |
Stage -II &
III Hypertension (>160/>100) |
Total |
|||||
|
Gender |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
|
|
|
B.M.I. |
Normal-18.5-24.9 |
07 |
01 |
13 |
02 |
04 |
02 |
07 |
03 |
39 |
|
Over
weight-25-29.9 |
02 |
01 |
13 |
06 |
06 |
00 |
08 |
06 |
42 |
|
|
Class-I-30-34.9 |
01 |
01 |
06 |
00 |
03 |
02 |
05 |
01 |
19 |
|
|
|
Class-II , III-35
and above |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
|
Total |
10 |
03 |
32 |
08 |
13 |
04 |
20 |
10 |
100 |
|
Table—IV-Obese persons as per their Random blood Sugar (RBS) level
|
B.M.I. |
Random
blood Sugar level |
|||
|
Group –I
(<160mg/dl) |
Group-II (160–
200mg/dl) |
Group –III
(>200mg/dl) |
Total |
|
|
Normal-18.5-24.9 |
21 |
06 |
13 |
40 |
|
Over
weight-25-29.9 |
19 |
05 |
19 |
43 |
|
Class-30-34.9 |
08 |
02 |
07 |
17 |
|
Class-II&II-35
and above |
00 |
00 |
00 |
00 |
|
Total |
48 |
13 |
39 |
100 |
They could also eat as much as they wanted
the rest of the week. (iii)the third group followed a standard weight-loss diet
which involved sticking to about1500 calories every day and avoiding high fat
foods and alcohol, Daily Mail reported. They found that women who stuck to
fruit, vegetables, and lean meat for two days a week while being allowed to eat
as much as they liked on other days lost nearly twice as much weight than those
on the full time diet
If you're roly- poly doctors tells you to
hit the gym, would you take him seriously? A new research study found that
doctors need to practice what they preach as much as anyone else. Because their
own girth can influence how they care for patients with weight problems (7). Syndrome-X,
subcutaneous fat is an established risk factor such as insulin resistance,
which is a precursor to diabetes. Insulin résistance, along with a cluster of
risk factors constitute "Syndrome –X", a term used to describe a
cluster of disorders that include hypertension, high triglycerides (both fats),
high blood cholesterol, and low good cholesterol. Syndrome –X people in India
at a younger age, sometimes two decades earlier than the global average. As a
result, Indians develop health problems even have lower levels of belly fat
than Caucasians. This means Indians need to have smaller waistlines than the
internationally accepted cut-offs of what constitutes healthy waist
circumference, which, if you look around, Indian clearly don't have (1). Narrower
waist are healthier, no doubt, but pear-shaped women can rest easy cocooned in
the belief that their hips will shield them from heart attacks. The shields
crumbles after menopause, so it's best to ensure you have as little fat on you
as possible.
Go for a high-fiber diet of vegetables,
fruit, whole grains, low fat, fat free products, fish, pulses, legumes,
unsaturated oils. Exercise for 30-40 minutes daily. Do aerobics such as brisk
walks, yoga and weight training (9) for reducing the body weight.
TABLE –V-Distribution
of alcoholics Obese persons n=25
|
B.M.I. |
Male |
Female |
Total |
|
Obese (25
and above) |
17 |
nil |
17 |
|
Non-obese -(Under-
25) |
08 |
nil |
08 |
|
Total |
25 |
nil |
25 |
TABLE –VI-
Distribution of Obese persons as per their Smoking Habit -n=50
|
B.M.I. |
Male |
Female |
Total |
|
Obese (25 and above) |
29 |
01 |
30 |
|
Non-obese
(Under 25) |
18 |
02 |
20 |
|
Total |
47 |
03 |
50 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT :
The authors
expresses their sincere thanks to Dr. A.K. Bansal, Ex-Professor and H.O.D., Department
of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Jagdalpur (Bastar) India, for his
constant guidance and encouragement in preparing the manuscript.
REFERENCES:
(1).
Sanchita Sharma; As waistlines grow, so
do health risks : Sunday Hindustan Times, New Delhi, December 04,2011 :pp-16.
(2). Turning
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(3). Garg Narendra K.: Evaluation of the impact
of emesis and emesis plus purgation Therapy; Research J Pharmacology and
Pharmacodynamics: 2 (2) March-April; 2010:201-202.
(4). Garg Narendra K and Sharma A.B.:
Epidemiological profile of patients attending a tertiary care hospital, Muktsar,
Punjab (India); Research J Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics:3 (6)
November-December;2011:311-317
(5). Mittal, S.R. and Maheswari Monika: Cardiovascular
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chairman scientific committee, Vol.14: Apicon-2004:22-25
(6)
We have weaker hearts than Americans:
Study; Sunday Times of India, New Delhi, April 22, 2012: pp-15
(7). Kids soldiers for diabetes war: Sunday Times
of India, New Delhi, July 15, 2012 :pp-07
(8).
Want to cut flab? Try strict diet for
just 2 days /week
(9). Sanchita Sharma: Ticker Trouble Sunday
Hindustan Times, New Delhi, May 20, 2012: pp-18.
Received on 23.08.2012
Modified on 16.09.2012
Accepted on 24.09.2012
© A&V Publication all right
reserved
Research J. Pharmacology and
Pharmacodynamics. 4(6): November
–December 2012, 357-359